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A proxy is also known as an application called a proxy server that serves as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users could submit a request to servers directly and servers would then serve requests directly for the resource requested by the client. Although this may be a straightforward procedure to understand and utilize, the addition of proxies can provide benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and more. As a pass-through layer proxy servers serve as a security barrier on the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combined set of server hardware along with installed proxy software is commonly referred as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers which are usually regarded as software as in the context of web servers. The article will provide details of the two types, namely which are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different use case, often confused because of the resemblance to the namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxy services, what their subtypes are, and the ways they can be beneficial for the common setups. If you've read in this post, you'll be able discern the scenarios where it is beneficial to use the proxy service and determine the appropriate choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known in the context of the open proxy is the client's representative in making an internet-based request to the server that originated it. In this situation, all attempts to send requests by the user are instead sent directly via the forward proxy. In this case, the forward proxy instead of the client will examine the request. It first will determine if the client can make requests via this specific forward proxy. It will then either reject requests or redirect them to the server that originally made the request. The client isn't capable of having direct access to the internet. It has access to only what the forward proxy allows for it to link to.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy services is to increase privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy utilizes the internet instead of a client on its own, and, in doing so it can utilize an alternate IP address that is different from the original IP address that is used by the client.




Depending on how it's been set up, a forward proxy can offer a range of features and permit you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine restrictions based on location.




Forward proxies may also be employed in systems that offer centralized security and access based on permissions, for instance at work. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to permit only a small number of clients access to the internet through an ordinary firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the client layer which could involve a number of computers with varying settings and users it is possible to have an firewall installed an intermediary layer.




Note that forward proxies require manual setup in order to permit the use of these proxies, whereas reverse proxies can be omitted by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is passed to the original server via forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or not.




There are many options to consider for forward proxies.




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An free forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It does not come with an the complete Web server software. You can read our tutorial on how you can set up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that runs using the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP so that it is better to work in situations like with peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to create the Dante proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of the web server, taking care of incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise a server or multiple servers. Furthermore, it could serve as an app server, like Gunicorn. In any of these situations a request could come from a user via the internet at large. Most of the time, this request is sent directly to the web server that hosts the information that the user wants. Instead, a reverse proxy is a intermediary to shield Web servers and prevent direct contact with the public internet.




From a consumer's point of viewpoint from the perspective of a client, using reverse proxy is not any different from working with Web server in direct contact. It's basically the same thing, however the client isn't able to tell the distinction. Client requests the resource, and then it receives it, without any additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




A central layer of security to protect the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound according to rules that you can set up.


New feature added to caching.




Although central security is a benefit for both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature to that layer of the webserver and not to the client layer. Instead of coordinating firewalls at the server level, which could comprise multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is concentrated upon the reverse proxy. Also, the removal of the responsibility to interact with firewalls and interacting with client requests off of web servers allows firewalls to focus on providing the necessary resources.




In the event of multiple servers participating connected to a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines which requests go at the server. There may be multiple web servers that provide the same content, providing different kinds of services or a mixture of both. These servers could be running the HTTP protocol in the same way as the traditional web server. However, they could also be able to use protocol for application servers like FastCGI. There is the possibility to set up a reverse proxy to send visitors to specific server depending on the service they require or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also benefit from their position before web servers by providing the capability to store data. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid having to call web servers every time you request, with some solutions allowing you to serve static content directly without touching the web server for even one time. In addition the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server is also used as an effective reverse proxy option. While Apache has a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy option as an added option for Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on reverse proxy features.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use-cases



Since "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic The labels could be confusing because both types of proxies handle requests and responses. The most effective way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to study the needs of the app you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you're designing a solution to deliver web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web servers when you connect to the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed before customers for your own usage and in professional environment. They serve as a representation of your client's web traffic during any interaction on the internet.




The practice of segregating by use case instead of focusing on the similar names can help in making sure that there is no confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy, with two types: the forward proxy as well as the reverse. Practical application scenarios and an examination of the beneficial attributes were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the implementation of proxies we recommend you follow our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx for use as an online server and reverse proxy to Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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