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A proxy or proxy server is a program which acts in the middle between client and server via the internet. Without a proxy, a client would send a request for resources directly the server, and then the server would serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and use, adding proxies offers advantages, such as greater performance, privacy, security, and much more. In addition to passing through, proxies act as a guardian for the internet, separating servers and users.




The bundled combination of server hardware and the software to install proxy servers is usually called proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually described as software as well as those that are used in conjunction with web servers. We will give a synopsis of the two main types of proxies: they are one that is forward and a reverse proxy. Each has their own use that can cause confusion due to the same terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies and their subtypes are, as well as their benefits in a range of configurations. After reading in this post, you'll understand how to identify the scenarios in which a proxy is beneficial, and determine the best choice to use a forward or reverse proxy depending on the specific situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also known in the context of the open proxy serves as a representative for a client who is trying to make an online request to an source server. In this scenario, the entire request sent by the client will rather be directed by the forward-proxy. A forward-proxy, acting in the place of the client will examine the request. The first step is to verify if the client has been granted permission to send requests using this particular forward proxy. It will then reject an demand and then forward the request to an original server. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It is able to access only what the forward proxy allows the client to connect.




The most frequent use of forward proxies is greater privacy or security on the internet. The forward proxy can connect to the internet in place of a client, and in this process it is using an alternative IP address from that of the client's original IP address.




Based on the way it is set up according to the method of configuration forward proxy can offer a range of features dependent on the way it's configured. This allows you to:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine the restrictions that are based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that use centralized security and dependent access, such as in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator can restrict access to a specific group of users to the internet, which is filtered through an common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer that may comprise several machines that have different environments and users there is the possibility to have a firewall located at the forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers need to be set up manually for be utilized, whereas reverse proxy servers are often not noticed by clients. Depending on the kind of IP address the client, it is sent to the server that originated it by the forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or left in the dark.




There are many options to be considered for forward proxies




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capability.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server that has forward proxy features.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server app. It is possible to read our guide on how to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more for use in situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also understand how to configure the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests made by clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise a single server or a number of servers. It could also serve as an app server such as Gunicorn. In both cases, the request is made by an internet user in general. In the majority of cases, requests will get sent directly to the server which has all the resources that the user is needs. However reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates Web server from direct interaction with the open internet.




From a consumer's point the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy isn't any different from using an internet server direct. It's basically the same, and the client cannot discern the distinction. The client requests the resource, and is then granted without additional configuration needed to be completed by the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you can create.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies do this only to the server layer but not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers, which could include multiple servers and various configurations, most firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients that are not web servers enables the firewall to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their clients.




In the case of several servers running in reverse proxy, it controls which requests are directed to which servers. Many web servers may be working on the same server, serving different kinds of resources or a combination of both. These servers use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. They can also be equipped with other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy settings to direct the clients towards specific servers depending on the type of resource they're looking for, or to comply with certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to gain advantage from their position before web servers, by providing caching functionality. Large static assets are able to be set up with caching rules, so that you do not need to contact web servers on every request. Certain software solutions allow you to serve static assets directly without having to contact the web server even once. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can manage compression of these files.




The renowned Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy option. Although it is true it is true that Apache website server outfitted with a reverse proxy which is an additional option for Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and focuses on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality, they can lead to inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing since both types of proxies handle requests and response. An alternative approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy service is to take into account the requirements of the application that you're working on.




A reverse proxy is useful in the case of creating a solution for offering web-based services on the internet. They function as servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy applications are useful when they are placed in front of the client for your personal usage and in the professional setting. They represent your clients when you interact with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the definition of a proxy along with two kinds: forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of useful features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the ways to implement proxies then you should learn how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy with Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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