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An proxy or proxy server is program which acts as an intermediary for a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client would send a request for resources directly to a server, and it would deliver the resource directly for the client. While this is a simple method to understand and implement, but the addition of proxy servers can offer benefits including improved efficiency as well as privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of pass-through the proxy functions as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combination of server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is also frequently called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies typically classified as software, and in the context of web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of two types of proxies, the other being one that is a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own specific application and is often confused because of the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of the types of proxies and subtypes and their benefits for setups that are common. After reading this article, you'll discern situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and then choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also known as the open proxy serves as the representative of a client who wishes to send an internet request to the server which originated it. In this scenario every attempt to send requests from the client will instead be sent to the forward proxy. The forward proxy, instead of the client will look into the request. It will first verify if the client is allowed to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to its origin server. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet It can only access what the forward proxy allows it to access.




The most popular reason to use forward proxies is the increased privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet through clients and, in this manner it may utilize an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the user.




Depending on how it's been set up, the forward proxy can provide a variety of functions in addition to the ability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your location.




Forward proxies also are employed in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, like in workplaces. When all internet traffic flows through a forward proxy Administrators are capable of allowing only certain clients access to the internet using a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer, which may include multiple computers with varying settings and users and environments A firewall could be put in an forward proxy layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxy settings need to be manually set up to permit them to be used for use and reverse proxy servers are unable to be detected by users. Depending on whether your IP address the user is passed on to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy privacy and security can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a variety of alternatives to take into consideration when considering forward proxy choices:




Apache An open source well-known web server with forward proxy features.


Nginx Another well-known open-source web hosting server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is a free forward proxy that runs on it's HTTP protocol. It's not the full Web Server System. It is possible to refer to our guide on the best method to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it more suited to cases like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy serves as an intermediary for a web server, and takes care of requests from clients on behalf of. The web server can serve as a single server, or as a series of servers. In addition, it could function as an app server such as Gunicorn. In any case an application request is made by a user on the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will directly go to the server that hosts the content that the client is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, acts as a middleman to protect your server from interaction via the web's public.




From a consumer's point perspective, using reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with your webserver directly. It is functionally similar, however the client isn't able to tell the distinction. Client makes a request for an item, and gets it without requiring any additional configuration for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server on the internet is protected centrally.


Directing traffic in accordance with the rules you have set.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy applications apply this feature only to only the server layer and not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers that may comprise multiple servers that have different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is directed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of connecting to firewalls and interfacing with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to concentrate on providing resources.




In the case of multiple servers existing with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy will be also accountable for deciding which requests are directed to the server. There may be several web servers running on the same server, each serving different kinds of resources or a mix of the two. They could be using the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. They may also use application server protocols like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers depending on the service they require or to adhere to certain traffic load rules.




Reverse proxies are also able to take advantage of their placement on top of web servers with the help of caching. The large static files can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request, with some solutions even allowing you to provide static files without having to connect with the server. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx webserver is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. Although it is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is also available equipped with reverse proxy option as an additional feature which is accessible for Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and is specifically focused on reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" along with "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality as well as false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these terms can be confusing because both types of proxies can be used to handle requests as well as responses. An alternative method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy servers is to study the needs of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool to use when developing a solution to serve websites on the internet. They act as your servers in any interaction with the Internet.




Forward proxy is a great tool to use when you are facing clients for personal usage or in a business environment. They can be used to represent the traffic of your clients whenever you connect to the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use rather than looking at the common names can help in getting rid of confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified what a proxy was as well as two types of them: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use as well as a discussion of most beneficial features was used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're looking to learn the ways to use proxies, we recommend you read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache on and Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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